








Breakwaters and Groynes are designed to reduce the effects of waves and currents approaching the coast. They can be submerged or emerged and in the case of breakwaters can be either attached to the shore, or positioned offshore.
Breakwaters are used to protect shorelines or shore based infrastructure such as ports and harbours. They reduce the impact of waves on the shore and on the operation of the port. In estuarial zones where the sediment transport regimes are very dynamic, groynes are often used to stabilize the banks and channels.
Foundation:
Ballasted Filtering Mattress (BFM) is a unique geocomposite that combines a filtration and separation function in one product and can be used as a foundation beneath the breakwater.
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Core of structure:
Tubes (MacTube®) and bags constructed from high strength, durable geotextile and/or geocomposites, can be used to form the core of groynes/breakwaters.
The MacTube® is filled in situ with a sand/water slurry and is the preferred solution where sand is available in great quantity.
Armour layer/underlayer:
Reno Mattresses® and gabions can be used as the outer armour layer when significant wave heights are lower, otherwise they can be used as the underlayers.
Toe protection:
Reno Mattresses® and gabion structures provide erosion protection to the base of the breakwater and are offered as the preferred solution when larger ‘rip-rap’ is not available on site.



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